The 2009 uprising in Madagascar that led to the overthrow of President Marc Ravalomanana and the subsequent intervention of the African Union (AU) and Southern African Development Community (SADC) shook Madagascar to its core. The political crisis, which began with tensions and protests, culminated in violence against the opposition, a Malagasy military intervention, and the ousting of the president. President Ravalomanana’s removal was followed by an AU and SADC intervention to mediate and resolve the conflict.
Mineral Beneficiation: A Pipedream of Prosperity in an Unequal Financial
Architecture
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Since 2023, 14 African countries have introduced export restrictions on
unprocessed critical minerals, requiring “local beneficiation” – or
in-country pr...
1 week ago
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